They drew on the experience from the ARPANET research community and the International Networking Working Group, which Cerf chaired. In the spring of 1973, Vinton Cerf joined Kahn to work on open-architecture interconnection models with the goal of designing the next protocol generation for the ARPANET. In 1972, Bob Kahn joined the DARPA Information Processing Technology Office, where he worked on both satellite packet networks and ground-based radio packet networks, and recognized the value of being able to communicate across both. In the early 1970s, DARPA started work on several other data transmission technologies, including mobile packet radio, packet satellite service, local area networks, and other data networks in the public and private domains. After DARPA initiated the pioneering ARPANET in 1969, Steve Crocker established a "Networking Working Group" which developed a host-host protocol, the Network Control Program (NCP). Initially referred to as the DOD Internet Architecture Model, the Internet protocol suite has its roots in research and development sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency ( DARPA) in the late 1960s. The Internet protocol suite predates the OSI model, a more comprehensive reference framework for general networking systems.Īn SRI International Packet Radio Van, used for the first three-way internetworked transmission. The technical standards underlying the Internet protocol suite and its constituent protocols are maintained by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). From lowest to highest, the layers are the link layer, containing communication methods for data that remains within a single network segment (link) the internet layer, providing internetworking between independent networks the transport layer, handling host-to-host communication and the application layer, providing process-to-process data exchange for applications. An implementation of the layers for a particular application forms a protocol stack. This functionality is organized into four abstraction layers, which classify all related protocols according to each protocol's scope of networking. The Internet protocol suite provides end-to-end data communication specifying how data should be packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received. Early versions of this networking model were known as the Department of Defense ( DoD) model because the research and development were funded by the United States Department of Defense through DARPA. The foundational protocols in the suite are the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and the Internet Protocol (IP). Stock Illustration by loradora 12 / 293 Stack of Books on white background Clip Art by Blotty 26 / 971 Stack of books (books stacked) Stock Illustration by Tribalium 21 / 4,710 stack of books Drawings by braverabbit 22 / 2,893 Books rainbow over white Stock Illustrations by Alexmit 97 / 1,684 Huge stack of books Stock Illustration by kirstypargeter 24 / 678 Books stack Stock Illustrations by fixer00 27 / 2,555 stack books illustration Drawing by aminmario 3 / 79 Stack of books with graduation cap Drawings by Pazhyna 13 / 464 Multi colored books Stock Illustrations by Pazhyna 29 / 1,117 Books stack Drawings by fixer00 6 / 566 cute owl and books Clipart by flowerstock 71 / 6,775 Books stack Stock Illustrations by Orla 8 / 347 stack of books Stock Illustration by Iscatel 5 / 165 A stack of books Stock Illustration by maximus2566 5 / 45 Books library on tree branches for your design Stock Illustration by Kudryashka 33 / 5,220 stacks of books Stock Illustrations by Iscatel 6 / 469 Books stack Stock Illustration by Cherkas 2 / 75 Big stack of books illustration Stock Illustration by Krisdog 3 / 2,144 Stack of books Stock Illustration by Tribalium 2 / 139 girl standing on a stack of books Stock Illustration by braverabbit 6 / 226 Graduation cap and books.The Internet protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, is a framework for organizing the set of communication protocols used in the Internet and similar computer networks according to functional criteria. Stack of books (books stacked) Stock Illustrations by Tribalium 42 / 3,032 Stack of books Drawings by kirstypargeter 36 / 2,217 Stack of colorful books.
0 kommentar(er)
